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One question per page, answered in the first paragraph. Written for someone who has to make a decision and would rather check us than trust us.
We publish nothing that only restates what is already available. Every page carries either original data, a mechanism explained more precisely than existing sources, first hand experience from our own work, or a claim traced to the primary document rather than to a news summary of it. Where a figure could not be verified, the sentence is written without it.
How this business works
The structural decisions that decide whether a restoration or energy project earns anything, written from what actually goes wrong.
Why do most Indian afforestation companies stay small, and what is the alternative?
The structural difference between being paid to plant and owning what you plant, why the contractor model caps a business permanently, and what the solar sector already worked out.
Read PracticeWhy do most tree planting projects fail, and what separates the ones that do not?
The structural reasons plantation projects fail, why survival counts are rarely published, and what a project designed for year fifteen looks like instead.
ReadLand and restoration
What a parcel produces, when each stream arrives, and how a block is designed so the fast income pays for the slow canopy.
How do you choose tree species for restoring arid degraded land?
The site conditions that decide species choice, the four roles a planting plan needs to fill, and why a list that worked one district away may not work here.
Read LandWhat should you look for in a soil test before planting on degraded land?
The order to read a soil report in, what each figure changes about a planting plan, and why sampling method matters more than laboratory precision.
Read LandHow do you plan water for a restoration project on rainfed land?
How to build a simple water budget for a restoration block, why the dry season gap decides the design, and what recharge structures actually change.
Read LandWhat should a landowner ask before leasing land for restoration or renewable energy?
Eleven questions worth settling before a long land lease is signed, why each one matters, and what a straight answer to each looks like.
Read LandWhat does multi tier planting actually look like on a restoration block?
How the four layers are laid out, what each one earns and when, how the block changes between year one and year fifteen, and what maintenance it needs.
Read LandHow does restored land actually make money?
The full income stack from a restoration block, which streams arrive when, and why the benefits people talk about most are the ones that can never be billed.
ReadTechnology
How the equipment and the chemistry actually work, including the cases where the fashionable answer is the wrong one.
What is the difference between alkaline and PEM electrolysers?
How the two designs differ, why responsiveness matters when the power comes from sun and wind, and which questions decide the choice on a particular site.
Read TechnologyHow do you choose a battery chemistry for a renewable energy site?
What duty cycle means, why it decides the choice more than energy density does, and the questions to settle before anyone quotes a battery for a site.
Read TechnologyHow does anaerobic digestion turn farm waste into compressed biogas?
The four biological stages inside a digester, what upgrading actually removes, why feedstock consistency decides whether a plant runs, and what digestate is worth.
Read TechnologyWhich solar module technology performs best in Indian conditions?
Why rated output is measured in conditions India rarely provides, what temperature coefficient and bifaciality actually change, and how to compare modules honestly.
Read TechnologyWhat does a vegetation index like NDVI actually measure?
Why leaves look the way they do to a satellite, what a vegetation index can and cannot tell you, and how to read one over time rather than as a single figure.
Read TechnologyWhat is biochar, and why is it treated as durable carbon removal?
How pyrolysis turns crop and woody residue into stable carbon, why buyers treat biochar as durable removal, and what determines whether a given batch is any good.
Read TechnologyWhat is green hydrogen, and when is it actually the right answer?
A working explanation of green hydrogen, how it differs from grey and blue hydrogen, and the specific conditions that decide whether a project should be built.
ReadCarbon and markets
How carbon credits are created, who buys them, and why a great many of them turned out to be worth less than they claimed.
How does a carbon credit work, and why have so many credits not delivered the reductions they claimed?
The chain from baseline to retirement in plain terms, what peer reviewed studies have found about over-crediting in forest, cookstove and CDM projects, and what has changed since 2023.
Read MechanismsWhat is the difference between avoidance and removal carbon credits?
Why avoidance credits carry a counterfactual problem that removal credits do not, how durability separates one removal from another, and why premium buyers have moved decisively toward durable removal.
Read MechanismsWho actually buys carbon removal, and why is demand growing?
Why the AI build out has turned technology companies into the most serious buyers of carbon removal, what they will and will not purchase, and what that means for a project developer in India.
ReadIndian policy and rules
What the current Indian rules require, traced to primary sources, because most published summaries repeat figures that are out of date.
How does a renewable energy project get connectivity to India's inter-state transmission system?
Connectivity and general network access as two separate grants, who can apply, the steps and timelines from application to connectivity agreement, and why the study date matters.
Read PolicyHow can an industrial consumer in India buy renewable power through green energy open access?
Who is eligible under the Green Energy Open Access Rules, the order of steps from connectivity to approval, which agency handles what, the charges involved and how banking works.
Read PolicyCan an Indian project sell carbon credits to buyers in other countries under Article 6 of the Paris Agreement?
Article 6.2, 6.4 and 6.8 in plain terms, what authorisation and corresponding adjustments mean, which activities India lists, the Japan and Korea agreements, and what it means for a project developer.
Read PolicyHow does compensatory afforestation funding work in India, and why is so much of it unspent?
Where CAMPA money comes from, what the Act and Rules allow it to be spent on, what official figures say about how much is used, and why accredited compensatory afforestation matters for degraded land.
Read PolicyWhat is the biomass co-firing requirement for Indian thermal power plants?
What the 2025-26 Ministry of Power co-firing policy actually requires, why the widely repeated 7 per cent figure is wrong for most of India, and what it means for anyone supplying pellets.
Read PolicyCan Indian CSR funds be used for afforestation and environmental projects?
How Section 135 and Schedule VII work, what makes environmental projects eligible, and the practical requirements that decide whether a company can actually route CSR money to your project.
Read PolicyHow does India's Carbon Credit Trading Scheme work?
How the CCTS baseline and credit mechanism works, which sectors have notified targets, what a unit that misses its target pays, and what the offset route means for anyone producing carbon credits in India.
Read PolicyCan private companies establish plantations on forest land in India?
What the January 2026 amendment changed, why removing the NPV and compensatory afforestation requirement is contested, and why we treat forest land as an option rather than a foundation.
ReadHave a question we have not written up?
If you are weighing a site, a block of land or an investment and cannot find the answer here, ask us. The good questions usually become the next article.